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Batteries (accumulators) are indispensable for operating both portable and stationary electrical devices independently of the mains. There are various energy storage technologies based on different physical principles. Electrochemical storage systems such as lead, nickel, cadmium and lithium-ion batteries are the most commonly used battery technologies. Electrostatic storage systems such as supercapacitors offer high power density and fast charging times. Electromechanical storage systems such as flywheels and compressed air storage systems offer high efficiency and a long service life. Thermochemical storage systems such as hydrogen fuel cells offer high energy density and emission-free power supply.